Colour studies · Issue 01

Heritage
Liveries

A livery is not a picture of a car. It is a colour system and a set of angles, applied to a shell — which means it can be reproduced exactly, in flat vector, with nothing lost. Each plate below is the stripe geometry of a period competition scheme, drawn to its real proportions, with the palette named and specified. The five plates here are the schemes worn by the current issue, the BMW E36 M3.

Colour and geometry only. No sponsor logotype, wordmark, roundel or emblem is drawn anywhere on this site.

The word itself — where livery comes from

How to read a plate
Band widthHeld as a proportion of body height, to scale
RakeAngles measured off period photography, not eyeballed
ChipsEvery colour named and given a hex value
Deliberately absentShell outline, glasshouse, wheels, sponsor marks
InclusionAny scheme of genuine heritage value, tobacco and alcohol sponsorship included
Issue 01 · BMW E36 M3

The five schemes it wore

BMW E36 M31995–1999
1990s1995–1999

E36 M3 — the American campaign

Blue and red swept into a forward chevron on white — the works colours restated in an American accent.

Paper white#F4F4F2
Munich blue#12326B
Signal red#C8102E
Prototype Technology Group, IMSA GTS
BMW M3 GTR (E36)1993
1990s1993

E36 M3 — the waving flag

A checkered flag caught mid-ripple. Two-thirds of the shell left empty so the last third can do all the talking.

Paper white#FAFAF8
Flag cyan#2E82B9
Violet blue#3D3A7C
Signal red#D0231C
BMW M-Team Warthofer, ADAC GT Cup Division I
BMW 318i (E36) Super Touring1994
1990s1994

E36 318i — the STW champion

A magenta disc on a white shell, held forward of centre. The loudest single element in the archive and the most disciplined use of one.

Paper white#F7F7F5
Roundel magenta#E5007E
Oil-company blue#1B4E9B
Brewery gold#C79A3B
BMW Motorsport works team, Super Tourenwagen Cup
BMW M3 (E36)1997
1990s1997

E36 M3 — the blue Eifelblitz

Two white number panels on a mid-blue shell. An endurance livery designed to be read at night, from a distance, by a marshal who has been awake for nineteen hours.

Eifel blue#1E4E8C
Panel white#F4F4F2
Sky blue#5B9BD5
Scheid Motorsport, Nürburgring 24 Hours
BMW M3 (E36)1996
1990s1996

E36 M3 — the white Eifelblitz

A green lower third rising toward the nose, and nothing else. The car that won the Nordschleife outright, dressed like a dealership demonstrator.

Paper white#F7F7F5
Oil green#3AAA35
Deep green#2A8A26
Scheid Motorsport, Nürburgring 24 Hours
Drawn with the issue

A livery plate is published with the issue that car belongs to, not ahead of it. The schemes below are researched and committed; the geometry goes up when the issue does.

Issue 02BMW E30 M3 — five studies
Issue 03Toyota Supra Mk4 — one study
Issue 04Nissan Silvia S14 — two studies
Issue 05Mercedes-Benz 190E Evo II — two studies
Issue 06Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth — three studies
Issue 07Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI — two studies
The word

Something handed
down to you

A livery was never a decoration. It was an issue — a thing dispensed by a household to the people who belonged to it. The paint came last, by six hundred years.

The oldest English sense is an allowance: bread, wine, candles, cloth. The Black Book of 1483 sets out what each man was owed for his livery at night — half a loaf, a quart of wine, a gallon of ale. Clothing was simply one more thing on that list, and because it came from one household it was cut and coloured alike. That is the whole of it: the uniform was evidence of the allowance.

The colours came earlier than the word’s modern sense. From the twelfth century a great man’s colours were worn by his soldiers and his followers alike — usually two of them together, combined differently according to rank, and often changed from one year to the next.

Two colours, held in a fixed relationship, read at distance, identifying whose car it is, revised every season. Motorsport did not borrow the word by accident. It is still being used correctly.

livery

|ˈlɪvəri| noun · plural liveries
  1. c. 1300An allowance handed out by a household — “household allowance of any kind (food, provisions, clothing) to retainers or servants.”
  2. Early 14th century“Distinctive clothing given to servants.” The sense that survives: what you wore was issued to you, and it said whose you were.
  3. Mid-15th centuryProvender for horses. Now obsolete, except that it left us the livery stable, recorded from 1705, and eventually the American livery vehicle — a car you hire rather than own.
  4. Modern, chiefly British“An identifying design (as on a vehicle) that designates ownership.”
  5. Modern“The paint scheme of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles.” The earliest dated example in Wiktionary’s entry is a railway one, from 1961: rolling stock self-coloured in “the standard B.R. maroon livery.”
The descent
  1. LatinliberareTo set free. The same root gives us liberate.
  2. Old FrenchlivrerTo dispense, to deliver, to hand over.
  3. Anglo-French, late 13th c.livereAllowance, ration, pay — originally the clothes delivered by a master to his retinue. Old French livree, modern French livrée.
  4. Middle Englishlivery, livereeWhence the modern English word, unchanged.

Senses and dates after Etymonline, Merriam-Webster and Wiktionary; the 1483 allowance and the twelfth-century colours after Wikipedia. Quoted glosses are the dictionaries’ own wording.

Method

How the plates
are drawn

Each study is built from the scheme's real geometry: band positions as a proportion of body height, rake angles measured off period photography, chevron depths and stripe weights in the same ratio they were sprayed. What is deliberately absent is everything that is not geometry — no shell outline, no glasshouse, no wheels, and no sponsor identification of any kind.

Palettes are given as named chips with hex values so the scheme can be specified, not just admired.

Editorial use
ReproducedColour and stripe geometry only.
Not reproducedSponsor logotypes, wordmarks, roundels, emblems, numbers and typography.
InclusionA scheme earns a plate on heritage value alone. Tobacco and alcohol liveries are recorded, because the history does not read correctly without them.
Not an endorsementRecording a period scheme is a historical act. Nothing here advertises a product.
On apparelThe plates are our own artwork, and they are made up as garments. What is printed is the colour system, the geometry and the written specification — never a sponsor’s mark, and never a drawing of the car.
OwnershipAll team names, marques and marks referred to remain the property of their owners.